POPULATION

Adolescents - individuals belonging to the age group 10 to 19 years

Age Dependency Ratio – is the ratio of persons in the “dependent” ages (generally under age 15 and over age 64) to those in the “economically productive” ages (15-64 years) in the population. It is sometimes divided into the old-age dependency (the ratio of people aged 65 and older to those aged 15-64 years) and the child dependency (ratio of people under 15 to those aged 15-64 years)

Age Specific Fertility Rate – the number of births to women of a given age group per 1,000 women in that age group. It is calculated by dividing the number of births to women of a particular age group by the female population in that age group multiplied by 1,000.

Children - individuals who are below 18 years of age

Crude Birth Rate – is the ratio of the number of births during a specified period (e.g., one year) to the total number of persons in the mid-period population or July 1 of the same year

Family - a group of persons usually living together and composed of the head and other persons related to the head by blood, marriage or adoption. It includes both the nuclear and extended family.

Family, Extended - group consisting of a biological family as a nucleus, together with the kin in the direct or indirect line of one member or members of the nucleus, or group consisting of several family nuclei.

Family, Nuclear – unit composed of father, mother and own children living together.

Family Size - number of members present in the family.

General Fertility Rate – is the number of live births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 in a given year

Household - a social unit consisting of a person living alone or a group of persons who sleep in the same housing unit and have a common arrangement in the preparation and consumption of food.

Household Population – the population enumerated in private households during a census.

Household Size - number of usual members in a private household.

Human Development Index - measure of how well a country has performed, not only in terms of real income growth, but also in terms of social indicators of people’s ability to lead a long and healthy life, to acquire knowledge and skills, and to have access to the resources needed to afford a decent standard of living.

Indigenous Peoples (IPs) - a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed customs, tradition and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous religions and culture, become historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos
Infant - a child who is under one year of age

Institutional Population – the population enumerated during a census living in large institutions, such as national prisons and penal colonies, provincial and large city jails, tuberculosis sanitaria, mental hospitals, leprosaria, military, mining and logging camps, etc. The cut-off is more than 6-months duration.

Life Expectancy ( ) – represents the average number of years remaining to a person who survives to the beginning of a given age or age interval x.

Life Expectancy at Birth ( )– is defined as the number of years a newborn child can be expected to live under a given mortality condition of an area in a given year

Older People/Elderly/Senior Citizens - individuals belonging to the age group 60 years and over

Marital Status - status of an individual in relation to marriage, classified as follows: a) Single - A person who has never been married; b) Married - A couple living together as husband and wife, legally or consensually; c) Divorced - A person whose bond of matrimony has been dissolved legally and who therefore can remarry; d) Separated - A person separated legally or not from his/her spouse because of marital discord or misunderstanding; and e) Widowed - A person whose bond of matrimony has been dissolved by death of his/her spouse.

Migration – the movement of people across a specific boundary for the purpose of establishing a new or semi permanent residence. Two distinct types are international migration (migration between countries) and internal migration (migration within a country)

Migration Rate - the ratio of migrants to the total mid-year population during a given period expressed per 1,000 population.

Mother Tongue - the language or dialect first spoken in the individual's home in his early childhood, although not necessarily spoken by him at present.

Net Migration Rate – shows the net effect of migration on an area in a given time period. This is expressed as the increase or decrease in the population of the area as a result of in-migration and out-migration per 1,000 population.

Population – total number of individuals in a territory at a specified time. It covers both nationals and aliens, native and foreign born persons, internees, refugees and any other group physically present within the borders of a country at a specified time. In assembling national demographic statistics for publication, the basic aim has been to obtain data for the physically present (or de facto) population rather than for the legally established resident (or de jure) inhabitants.

Population Census – the total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining to all persons in the country or in a well-limited territory.

Population Change – is the growth or decline of the total population or one of its structural units

Population Density - refers to the number of persons per unit of land area (usually in square kilometers). This measure is more meaningful if given as population per unit of arable land.

Population Distribution - the patterns of settlement and dispersal of a population.

Population Growth Rate – indicates how fast a population increases or decreases as a result of the interplay of births, deaths, and migration during a given period of time. Where the population is closed, meaning no migration, the population growth rate is the same as the rate of natural increase, i.e., the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths during a specified period of time. The three methods for computing the rate of growth based on the assumption with respect to the change are: arithmetic change, geometric change and exponential change.

Population Projection – computation of future changes in population numbers, given certain assumptions about future trends in the rates of fertility, mortality and migration. Demographers often publish high, medium, and low projections of the same population based on different assumptions of how these rates will change in the future

Population Pyramid – diagram usually a bar chart depicting the distribution of a given population by age and sex. By convention, the younger ages are at the bottom, with males on the left and females on the right

Rural Area – an area outside any area classified as urban

Sex Ratio – the number of males per 100 females in a population

Total Fertility Rate – the average number of children that would be born alive to a woman (or group of women) during her lifetime if she were to pass through her childbearing years conforming to the age specific fertility rates of a given time period.

Urbanization - in general, the historical process describing the growth of towns in modern society, implying a change in the socio-economic and demographic structure of a population, an urban way of life and new settlement.

Urban Barangay
"(1) If a barangay has a population size of 5,000 or more, then a barangay is considered urban, or
(2) If a barangay has at least one establishment with a minimum of 100 employees, a barangay is considered urban, or
(3) If a barangay has 5 or more establishments with a minimum of 10 employees, and 5 or more facilities, then a barangay is considered urban. Note that if the facility is not present in the barangay, presence of facilities within the two kilometer radius from the barangay hall is considered."

Working Age Population - refers to population 15-64 years old at a specified time. The working age population is divided into persons in the labor force and persons not in the labor force.

Youth - individuals belonging to the age group 15 to 30 years

EDUCATION

Absorption Rate - The percentage of the number of graduates who get a job after completion of education and/or training to the number of graduates who were not employed prior to completion of education and/or training 

Certification Rate - The percentage of examinees who passed the national competency assessment for or within a given period 

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

E-Commerce – The sale or purchase of goods and services, whether between businesses, households, individuals, governments, and other public or private organisations, conducted over computer-mediated networks.  The goods and services are ordered over those networks, but the payment and the ultimate delivery of the good or service may be conducted on- or offline

Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) – The delegation of one or more IT-intensive business processes to an external provider that, in turn, owns, administers, and manages the selected process or processes based on defined and measurable performance metrics

Value Added Service Provider (VASP) – An entity which, relying on the transmission, switching and local distribution facilities of the local exchange and inter-exchange operators, and overseas carriers, offers enhanced services beyond those ordinarily provided for by such carriers

Internet Service Provider (ISP) – A company which provides end-users with a data connection allowing access to the internet and the associated services (World Wide Web, Email, Chat rooms, Instant Messaging, Internet Telephony and so on)

Broadband Internet subscriber – An individual, organization, or company that pays for high speed access to the public Internet 

Web presence – A web site, home page or presence on another entity's Web site (including a related business). Inclusion in an online directory and any other Web pages where the business does not have substantial control over the content of the page is not considered "web presence"

Public Internet Access Centers (PIAC) – A site, location, or center of instruction at which Internet access is made available to the public, on a full-time or part-time basis.  This may include digital community centers, Internet cafes' libraries, education enters and other similar establishments, whenever they offer Internet access to the general public

Telephone Density – Number of fixed telephone lines per 100 population 

TOURISM

Resident - An institutional unit is resident in a country when it has a center of economic interest in the economic territory of that country. 

Center of economic interest - it is said to have a center of economic interest when there exist some location-dwelling, place of production or other premises-within the economic territory on, or from, which it engages, and intends to continue to engage, in economic activities and transactions on a significant scale either indefinitely or over a finite but long period of time.

Tourism - Comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. 

Inbound Tourism - Tourism of non-resident visitors within the economic territory of the country of reference.

Outbound Tourism - Tourism of resident visitors outside the economic territory of the country of reference. 

Domestic Tourism - Tourism of resident visitors within the economic territory of the country of reference. 

Visitor - Any person traveling to a place other than that of his/her usual environment for less than 12 months and whose main purpose of trip is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

Tourist - Visitor who stays one or more nights in the place visited.

Same-Day Visitor - Visitor who does not spend the night in a collective or private accommodation in the place visited.

Usual Environment - Corresponds to the geographical boundaries within which an individual displaces himself/herself within his/her regular routine of life; consists of the direct vicinity of his/her home and place of work or study and other places frequently visited.

Incentive Travel – travel given by a company to its qualified employees, production workers, sales personnel, dealers, distributors and support staff, either as a "perk" to stimulate productivity, or as a "reward" due to the achievement of work-related goals

Trade Fair/Exhibition – an event wherein products and/or services are presented/displayed to an invited audience for purposes of public relations, sales and /or marketing

Flight – the scheduled trip of an aircraft identified by a specific number from a departure point through any designated stop to a destination point 

Flight Frequency - the number of flights operated by an airline within a specific time period, such as a day or week

Chartered Flight – a flight booked exclusively for the use of a group of people   for the movement of persons, baggages or properties on a time, mileage or trip basis  

Domestic Chartered Flight – a flight flown and operated by an air carrier or air taxi operator within the economy of reference where the entire capacity of one or more aircraft has been engaged for the movement of persons and their luggages or for the movement of properties, on a time, mileage or trip basis

International Chartered Flight – a flight flown and operated by an air carrier/airline on the basis of a contract between a carrier/airline and a group of individuals or agencies to carry exclusive traffic from an economy of reference to other points beyond and vice versa

Passenger Air Service – an air service performed primarily for the transport of passengers

POVERTY

Poverty threshold (PT) - the minimum income/expenditure required for a family/individual to meet the basic food and non-food requirements. 

Poverty incidence (P) - the proportion of families/individuals with per capita income/expenditure less than the per capita poverty threshold to the total number of families/individuals.

Food threshold (FT) – the minimum income/expenditure required for a family/individual to meet the basic food needs, which satisfies the nutritional requirements for economically necessary and socially desirable physical activities.

Subsistence incidence (S)  - the proportion of families/individuals with per capita income/expenditure less than the per capita food threshold to the total number of families/individuals

Poverty gap (PG) – the total income/expenditure shortfall (expressed in proportion to the poverty threshold) of families/individuals with income/expenditure below the poverty threshold, divided by the total number of families/individuals.

Severity of poverty (SP) – the total of the squared income/expenditure shortfall (expressed in proportion to the poverty threshold) of families/individuals with income/expenditure below the poverty threshold, divided by the total number of families/individuals. 

Gini ratio –the ratio of the area between the Lorenz curve and the diagonal (the line of perfect equality) to the area below the diagonal.

HEALTH AND NUTRITION

Body Mass Index (BMI) – an indicator of nutritional status for adolescents 11-19 years old and adults 20 years old and over, which provides a measure of body mass ranging from thinness to obesity and is expressed as body weight (Wt) in kilograms divided by the square of the height (Ht) in meters

Formula:

The cutoff points used in classifying subjects 11-19 years old based on BMI-for-age (Must's Table for BMI, 1991) are as follows, where P refers to percentile:

The cutoff points used in classifying subjects 20 years old and over based on BMI from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/World Health Organization (WHO) Standards, 1978 are as follows:

Underweight or Chronic Energy Deficient (CED)  – a condition of the body characterized by low body weight and low energy stores and possibly limited physical capacity due to deprivation of food over a long period of time, with BMI of less than P5 (5th percentile) for adolescents or less than 18.5 kg/m2 for adults

Overweight – a condition where a person’s weight is greater than that of a normal person of the same age (in case of adolescents) or height (in case of adults), with BMI of more than P85 (85th percentile) for adolescents or between 25 and 30 kg/m2 for adults

Obese – a condition where a person’s weight is much greater than that of a normal person of the same height (for adults), with BMI of greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2

Height-for-Age – an indicator that is used to determine past or chronic nutritional status of children 0-10 years old where each child’s actual height/length is compared with the standard or reference height/length for his/her age

The cutoff points used in classifying the height-for-age status of children based on NCHS/WHO International Reference Standards (IRS), 1995 are as follows, where SD refers to standardized score of the individual:

Underheight or Stunted – a condition where the child’s height is lower than that of a normal person of the same age and is measured using height-for-age as the index

Low Birthweight – a condition where the weight of an infant at birth is less than 2.5 kilograms or 2500 grams

Weight-for-Age – an index for the assessment of growth of children 0-10 years old which compares the weight of each child to a standard or reference weight for his/her age 

The cutoff points used in classifying the weight-for-age status of children based on IRS, 1995 are as follows, where SD refers to standardized score of the individual:

Underweight – a condition where the child’s weight is lower than that of a normal person of the same age and is measured using weight-for-age as the index 

Weight-for-Height or Weight-for-Length  – an index for the assessment of growth of children 0-10 years old which compares the weight of each child to the weight of a reference population of the same height or length

The cutoff points used in classifying the weight-for-height/length status of children based on IRS, 1995 are as follows, where SD refers to standardized score of the individual:

Wasting or Thin – a condition where the child’s weight is lower relative to his/her height or length than that of a normal child and is measured using the weight-for-height as the index

Iodine Deficiency Disorder (IDD) – a range of health consequences or abnormalities of the body resulting from a prolonged lack or insufficient intake of iodine, ranging from simple goiter to cretinism, which is a condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth

The epidemiological criteria for assessing iodine nutrition based on median urinary iodine concentrations in school-aged children (WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD, 2001) are as follows:

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) – a condition that occurs when the amount of iron absorbed by the body is too small to meet the body’s demands, which may be due to insufficient iron intake, reduced bioavailability of dietary iron, chronic blood loss, and/or increased iron requirements, as occurring during pregnancy or the period of growth, and is measured using the hemoglobin level

The normal hemoglobin levels by sex, age and physiological state based on WHO cutoff points, 1972 are as follows:

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) – a condition that covers all physiological disturbances caused by low vitamin A level, including subclinical and clinical signs and symptoms and is measured using the plasma retinol level

The cutoff points used for the interpretation of plasma retinol data based on WHO/UNICEF/HKI/IVACG, 1982 are as follows:

Energy/Nutrient Adequacy – the level of intake of energy or essential nutrient in relation to the energy/nutrient requirement for adequate health, which is expressed as percentage of recommended energy and nutrient intake (RENI)

Malnutrition – a pathological state, general or specific, resulting from a relative or absolute deficiency or excess in the diet of one or more essential nutrients, which may be manifested clinically or detectable by physical, biochemical and/or functional signs

Micronutrient Malnutrition – a condition resulting from a deficiency of supply to the tissues of micronutrients, notably vitamin A, iron, and iodine, arising from a deficiency in the diet, losses from the body, or improper utilization of food

Nutritional Status – the condition of the body resulting from the intake, absorption, and utilization of food

Per Capita Food Consumption – the ratio of household food consumption over the food consumption unit, wherein actual food consumption refers to a whole day’s consumption of all household members and visitors, while consumption unit refers to the household size adjusted by the number of meals eaten outside by the household members and the number of meals shared by visitors

Formula:

Protein Energy Malnutrition – a condition arising from inadequate intake of food rich in energy and protein, characterized by marked weight loss and failure to grow

Undernutrition – an abnormal state resulting from the consumption of an inadequate quantity of food over an extended period of time